Hover Fly and you will Bee Travel Varieties Diversity
Bee Kinds Assortment
Regarding 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was basically trapped during the Calanques Federal Park through both online and dish pitfall selections. It belonged to help you six household and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae is by far the most variety-rich family relations, followed by Apidae and you can Halictidae, which have 53, forty-two, and you will 43 kinds, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually the new richest genus, having 33 species, while 7 genera was basically illustrated from the one types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table step one [on the web merely] ). With the jackknife 1 and you can dos spiders, the entire bee kinds richness was estimated are ranging from ± 9.89 and you may ± . The newest seen richness ergo represented 71.step three in order to 79.6% of one’s projected bee fullness ( Dining table dos). The latest Chao1 strategy projected the fresh observed richness are 76.8% of potential maximum richness ( Dining table dos) Reno hookup app. The most plentiful types is Apis mellifera L. (276 anyone), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 people, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anyone). In the long run, fifty species (26%) was in fact illustrated by singular private (singletons).
Environmental Traits away from Bees
Regarding your environmental qualities of nesting needs, i known 59 single bee varieties nesting a lot more than ground, 92 solitary bee kinds nesting underground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic varieties, corresponding to 31.seven, 47.9, and you will a dozen.0% of one’s total bee kinds fullness, correspondingly. I recognized five personal kinds (bumble bees and you may honey bees-dos.1%). Finally, the brand new nesting tastes away from fourteen kinds continue to be not familiar (eight.3%- Supp Desk 1 [on the web just] ). Concerning your floral diet plan regarding bee varieties, we discovered that 105 varieties (54.7%) foraged towards the a wide range of bush species (we.e., generalist variety, polylectic) and 51 varieties (twenty six.5%) foraged using one bush loved ones otherwise you to/couples plant species (we.age., pro varieties, oligolectic). With the leftover thirty-six bee types (18.8%), brand new flowery eating plan wasn’t identified (age.g., getting cleptoparasitic varieties). not, very generalist species displayed a choice for just one or a number of bush parents ( Supp Table 1 [on line merely] ). Toward forty two singletons, 14 bee varieties (28%) have been specialist, and you may nine bee species (18%) was basically cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step 1 [online only] ).
An IUCN reputation is actually designed for 178 types (leaving out the new kinds complexes and unknown kinds). Some of those, 47 kinds were classified since the analysis deficient (DD-26.4%), 124 species had been least concerned (LC-69.6%), half dozen variety was basically close endangered (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something species is believed endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step 1 [on the web merely] ). About three oligolectic variety was in fact one of several seven endangered bee kinds. A good. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus are professionals into Fabaceae, D. argentata is an expert on Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) had been caught in the Calanques National Playground. They belonged so you can twenty-four genera ( Supp Desk dos [on line merely] ). The quintessential abundant genera had been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 individuals), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 somebody), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville in the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anyone), while 20 species (53%) was depicted because of the only one individual ( Supp Table 2 [on the internet simply] ). The newest bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was indeed portrayed by 20 varieties, and additionally five singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk step three [on the web just] ). The new quote away from full types richness off hover flies and you will bee flies is actually ranging from 83 and you can 97 species by using the jackknife step one and you will 2 spiders, correspondingly. Therefore, the new noticed fullness depicted 59.8–69.9% of projected hover fly and you may bee travel fullness ( Desk dos).
